Bash

Filename and extension

$ filename=$(basename -- "$fullfile")
$ extension="${filename##*.}"
$ filename="${filename%.*}"

Get n'th line

$ sed '1q;d' [FILE]
# or
$ awk 'NR == n' [FILE]

Stuff that creates a subshell

• Parent gnome-terminal 61801
• Bash process = 61697
• eval keeps same shell
• { } keeps subshell
• bash -c makes a subshell
• ( ) makes a subshell
• | makes a subshell